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HPMR

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dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 2 OKDB#: 4766
 Symbols: DYRK2 Species: human
 Synonyms:  Locus:


For retrieval of Nucleotide and Amino Acid sequences please go to: OMIM Entrez Gene
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General Comment
General function Cell cycle regulation , Epigenetic modifications
Comment
Cellular localization Cytoplasmic
Comment
Ovarian function Early embryo development , Pluripotent cell derivation
Comment 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in the mammalian zygote is linked with epigenetic reprogramming. Wossidlo M et al. The epigenomes of early mammalian embryos are extensively reprogrammed to acquire a totipotent developmental potential. A major initial event in this reprogramming is the active loss/demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in the zygote. Here, we report on findings that link this active demethylation to molecular mechanisms. We detect 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as a novel modification in mouse, bovine and rabbit zygotes. On zygotic development 5hmC accumulates in the paternal pronucleus along with a reduction of 5mC. A knockdown of the 5hmC generating dioxygenase Tet3 simultaneously affects the patterns of 5hmC and 5mC in the paternal pronucleus. This finding links the loss of 5mC to its conversion into 5hmC. The maternal pronucleus seems to be largely protected against this mechanism by PGC7/Dppa3/Stella, as in PGC7 knockout zygotes 5mC also becomes accessible to oxidation into 5hmC. In summary, our data suggest an important role of 5hmC and Tet3 for DNA methylation reprogramming processes in the mammalian zygote.
Expression regulated by
Comment
Ovarian localization Oocyte
Comment Emerging role of DYRK family protein kinases as regulators of protein stability in cell cycle control. Becker W et al. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of protein kinases with key roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Members of the DYRK family phosphorylate many substrates, including critical regulators of the cell cycle. A recent report revealed that human DYRK2 acts as a negative regulator of G 1/S transition by phosphorylating c-Jun and c-Myc, thereby inducing ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Other DYRKs also function as cell cycle regulators by modulating the turnover of their target proteins. DYRK1B can induce reversible cell arrest in a quiescent G 0 state by targeting cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation and stabilizing p27 (Kip1) . The DYRK2 ortholog of C. elegans, MBK-2, triggers the proteasomal destruction of oocyte proteins after meiosis to allow the mitotic divisions in embryo development. This review summarizes the accumulating results that provide evidence for a general role of DYRKs in the regulation of protein stability.
Follicle stages
Comment
Phenotypes
Mutations 0 mutations
Genomic Region show genomic region
Phenotypes and GWAS show phenotypes and GWAS
Links
OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: an excellent source of general gene description and genetic information.)
OMIM \ Animal Model
KEGG Pathways
Recent Publications
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created: Aug. 29, 2012, 11:22 a.m. by: hsueh   email:
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last update: Aug. 30, 2012, 3:16 p.m. by: hsueh    email:



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