NCBI Summary:
This gene encodes one of three GA-binding protein transcription factor subunits which functions as a DNA-binding subunit. Since this subunit shares identity with a subunit encoding the nuclear respiratory factor 2 gene, it is likely involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. This subunit also shares identity with a subunit constituting the transcription factor E4TF1, responsible for expression of the adenovirus E4 gene. Because of its chromosomal localization and ability to form heterodimers with other polypeptides, this gene may play a role in the Down Syndrome phenotype.
General function
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Cellular localization
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Ovarian function
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Effect of Nrf2 on rat ovarian tissues against atrazine-induced anti-oxidative response. Zhao F 2014 et al.
The environmental persistence and bioaccumulation of herbicide atrazine may pose a significant threat to human health. In this experiment, Wistar rats were treated by 5, 25 and 125 mgkg(-1) atrazine respectively for 28 days, and the oxidative stress responses as well as the activations of Nrf2 signaling pathway in ovarian tissues induced by atrazine were observed. The results showed that after be treated by atrazine, the proportion of atretic follicles in the rat ovary were increased, the contents of NO and MDA in the tissue homogenates were increased, the over-expressed Nrf2 transferred into the nuclei and played an antioxidant role by up-regulated the expression of II phase detoxifying enzymes such as HO1 and NQO1 and the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD and GSH-PX.
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Expression regulated by
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Ovarian localization
Granulosa
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Regulation of the Rhox5 Homeobox Gene in Primary Granulosa Cells: Preovulatory Expression and Dependence on SP1/SP3 and GABP Maclean Ii JA, et al .
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that regulate embryonic development and postnatal events. Rhox5 (previously called Pem), the founding member of a homeobox gene cluster that we recently identified on the X chromosome, is selectively expressed in granulosa cells in the ovary and other somatic-cell types in other reproductive organs. In this report, we investigate its regulation in granulosa cells in the rat ovary. We found that Rhox5 expression in the ovary is governed by the Rhox5 distal promoter and is expressed at least as early as day 5 post partum. Rhox5 mRNA levels are regulated during the ovarian cycle, peaking prior to ovulation. Deletion analysis revealed a 25-nt element essential for distal promoter transcription in primary granulosa cells. This distal promoter element contains two ETS and one SP1 transcription-factor family binding sites that mutagenesis analysis indicated were essential for high-level transcription. This element was both necessary and sufficient for transcription, as it activated transcription when placed upstream of a heterologous minimal promoter. Cold competition and EMSA studies demonstrated that SP1, SP3, and the ETS family transcription factor GABP bound this element. Dominant-negative forms of GABP and SP3 repressed distal promoter expression in primary rat granulosa, showing that these factors are crucial for Rhox5 expression. Co-transfection of dominant-negative mutants indicated that Rhox5 expression in granulosa cells is regulated by the JNK (MAPK8) and RAS pathways, which are known to be upstream of ETS family transcription factors. The discovery that Rhox5 expression in granulosa cells is regulated by MAPK pathways and ETS and SP1 family members provides an opportunity to understand how these regulatory pathways and factors collaborate to regulate gene expression during the ovarian cycle.