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Synuclein, Gamma OKDB#: 1405
 Symbols: SNCG Species: human
 Synonyms: BREAST CANCER-SPECIFIC GENE 1, BCSG1| PERSYN|  Locus: 10q23.2-q23.3 in Homo sapiens


For retrieval of Nucleotide and Amino Acid sequences please go to: OMIM Entrez Gene
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General Comment Pronin AN, et al reorted that synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases. G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) specifically recognize and phosphorylate the agonist-occupied form of numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ultimately resulting in desensitization of receptor signaling. Until recently, GPCRs were considered to be the only natural substrates for GRKs. Synucleins (alpha, beta, gamma, and synoretin) are 14-kDa proteins that are highly expressed in brain but also found in numerous other tissues. alpha-Synuclein has been linked to the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. All synucleins are GRK substrates, with GRK2 preferentially phosphorylating the alpha and beta isoforms, whereas GRK5 prefers alpha-synuclein as a substrate. GRK-mediated phosphorylation of synuclein is activated by factors that stimulate receptor phosphorylation, such as lipids (all GRKs) and Gbetagamma subunits (GRK2/3), suggesting that GPCR activation may regulate synuclein phosphorylation. GRKs phosphorylate synucleins at a single serine residue within the C-terminal domain. Although the function of synucleins remains largely unknown, recent studies have demonstrated that these proteins can interact with phospholipids and are potent inhibitors of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in vitro. PLD2 regulates the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine and has been implicated in vesicular trafficking. We found that GRK-mediated phosphorylation inhibits synuclein's interaction with both phospholipids and PLD2. These findings suggest that GPCRs may be able to indirectly stimulate PLD2 activity via their ability to regulate GRK-promoted phosphorylation of synuclein.

NCBI Summary: Synuclein-gamma is a member of the synuclein family of proteins which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. High levels of SNCG have been identified in advanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between overexpression of SNCG and breast tumor development.
General function
Comment
Cellular localization Cytoplasmic
Comment
Ovarian function
Comment
Expression regulated by
Comment
Ovarian localization
Comment HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN BRAIN, PARTICULARLY IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA. ALSO EXPRESSED IN THE CORPUS CALLOSUM, HEART, SKELETAL MUSCLE, OVARY, TESTIS, COLON AND SPLEEN. Through a survey of an EST database, Lavedan et al. (1998) found that the SNCG gene may also be overexpressed in ovarian tumors.
Follicle stages
Comment
Phenotypes
Mutations 0 mutations
Genomic Region show genomic region
Phenotypes and GWAS show phenotypes and GWAS
Links
OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: an excellent source of general gene description and genetic information.)
OMIM \ Animal Model
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created: Jan. 17, 2002, 7:26 a.m. by: hsueh   email:
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last update: Jan. 17, 2002, 7:27 a.m. by: system    email:



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